Introduction: The sexual maturity is a major factor of fertility and reproduction activity. Since no information was availabe about microscopic developement of Seminiferous tubules structure including spermatogenic cells, sertoli, PGC (Primordial Germ Cell) and laydig cells, the present detailed study on buffalo testis was undertaken. Materials and Methods: The present study was made on 30 buffaloes testes, divided into four groups Viz. 1) 3.5-6 months 2) 7-11 months 3) 12-23 months 4) 24-36 months. Tissue samples were processed for paraffin section and stained by Haematoxylin and Eosin stains. Results: The microscopic observation showed that the Seminiferous tubules had tubular structure with a define lumen at 3.5 months of age and their epithelium was consisted of abundant spermatogonia, PGC and sertoli cells. The primary and secondary spermatocyte, spermatid and spermatozoa were not seen upto 9 months of age. The coiling and thickness of Seminiferous tubules were increased at one year of age. The leydig cells were seen as large clusters in interstitial connective tissue, PGC, sertoli cells, spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocyte, spermatid and spermatozoa also were observed in one year age. The development of Seminiferous structure were observed continiued with the age. Conclusion: The results showed that, the perfect spermatogenesis and production of spermatozoa is observed in one year age, which it seems similar to cow (10-11 monthsage).

Objective: In recent years concerns have been raised about the decrease of male infertility from exposure to environmental pollution such as heavy metals. So, developmental effects of lead acetate were studied on Seminiferous tubules structure during postnatal development in male Wistar rats.Materials and Methods: The male pups randomly divided in control and experiment groups. The mothers of experiment groups received 100, 200 and 300mg/L/day lead acetate via drinking water during lactation. The testes of pups removed their weights were recorded and fixed in Bouin’s solution. Then, the volumes of testes were measured by Cavalieri method. For microscopic studies, following tissue processing, 5µm sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin.Results: Macroscopic results showed that the means of testis weight of experiment groups increase during early and decrease at the late of postnatal development in comparison with control group. Microscopic results indicated that decreasing of germinal epithelium height and presence of vacuoles in germinal epithelium comparison with control group. Also, the means of testis volume, relative volumes of Seminiferous tubules and germinal epithelium significantly decreased in experiment groups during all stage of postnatal development (p<0.05). Moreover, the means of Seminiferous diameter and epithelium height significantly decreased in experiment groups during all stages of postnatal development (p<0.05).Conclusion: Present study indicate that lead acetate could affect postnatal development of Seminiferous tubules in rats and decrease spermatogenic activity of adult Wistar rats that have been exposured to it during neonatal period.

Background & Aims: Spermatogenesis dependent to Hypophyseal Gonadotropin hormones. Secretion of Gonadotropin hormones is controlled by Hypothalamic Gonadotropin releasing hormones. GnRH analogues disregulated Hypophyseal-Gonadal axis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of GnRH-agonist administration on Seminiferous tubules in immature rats.Materials & Methods: In this study the immature rats (aged 25 days) were divided into two experimental groups (n=5) and two control groups (n=5). Subcutaneous injection of GnRH-a (0.1mg/ml) and NaCl (physiologic Serum) were carried out every 24 hours for 5 days, respectively in experimental and control groups. After dissection, the testis were excised and processed for histological study 5µm serial sections.Results: The results showed that there was not significant difference in diameter of tubules between first experimental group and control groups, but there was significant difference in lumen diameter, thickness of epithelium and the number of cell layers in seminiferrous tubules.Furthermore, there was not significant difference in diameter of tubules between second experimental group and two control groups, but it is significant in lumen diameter, thickness of epithelium and the number of cell layers (p<0.05) In addition the morphometric findings showed that there was not significant differences in diameter of seminiferrous tubules between two control groups, but the difference in lumen diameter, thickness of epithelium and number of cell layers was significant.Conclusion: We found that GnRH-agonist (buserelin) induces spermatogenesis in immature male rats.

Background: The freezing of immature testis tissue and then the transplant of it can be considered as a major step in fertility preservation for young boys with cancer, the survival of animal generation exposed to extinction and cloning animalistic desirable species. One of the most prevalent of damages in during the freezing-thawing process is oxidative stress.Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of selenium compound (Na2SeO3) on rate of Seminiferous tubules injury in during of cryopreservation.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 8 BALB/c immature male mice (6 - 8 days old) were randomly selected, and the testes removed surgically (n=16). The testes divided into 2 groups: experimental group, control group (opposite testes). For each of the two experimental and control groups, two types of soluble (freezing solution and thawing solution) were prepared. These solutions, which contain 2 mg/mL solution of Na2SeO3 and control solution, were prepared in the DMEM (Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium) base medium. Of each group were 4 testes into fast freezing-thawing procedure and 4 testes were into slow freezing-thawing procedure. Then this testis for analyzing injury, after preparatory process, was stained with hematoxylin-eosin.Results: At the slow freezing-thawing procedure, Seminiferous tubules injury significantly reduced in experimental group compared to control group. At the fast freezing-thawing procedure, Seminiferous tubules injury significantly reduced in experimental group compared with of control group.Conclusions: It seems that Se due to its antioxidant properties, the harmful effects of freezing-thawing process reduces and protects Seminiferous tubules from oxidative injury.

Background and Purpose: In Iranian traditional medicine, it has been widely believed that camphor is a suppressor of sexual desire. Based on this idea and the few studies about this issue, we examined the effect of camphor on the histological changes and spermatogenesis phenomena in the mouse reproductive system.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 24 premature male balb/c mice were selected and divided into four (2 experimental and 2 control) groups. Experimental groups 1 and 2 were administered daily 30 mg/kg body weight dissolved camphor in olive oil (orally) for 10 and 20 days respectively. The control groups received the same volume of olive oil during the same periods. At the end of the exposure time, each group was anesthetized and their testes were routinely removed for obtaining serial sections and histological staining. The obtained data were analyzed using t-test.Results: The study data indicated that although the mean external diameter of the somniferous tubules did not show significant differences in experimental and control groups, the mean internal diameter tubules (26/31±1/56) of the experimental groups (versus control groups 42/38±2/19) decreased by %25, and mature sexual cells (17/±3/71) in the experimental groups (versus control groups 28±3/92) decreased by %12.Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that administration of camphor significantly decreased the internal diameter of Somniferous tubules and reduced maturity of sexual cells; hence, affecting the reproductive system of the male mice with structural changes.

Introduction: Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal drug which mainly treats breast cancer. It is also applied for stimulation of ovulation and remedy of infertility. Regarding the tamoxifen binding to estrogen receptors and the possible role of estrogens in spermatogenesis, the present study aimed to histologically evaluate spermatogenesis in the Seminiferous ducts of mice, whose mothers had received tamoxifen during pregnancy.Methods: In the present study, 30 female and 15 male mice of NMRI race were selected for mating. Since 13th day of pregnancy, the experimental group received tamoxifen with the dosage of 5 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 7 days, wherease the control group received normal saline. After childbirth of the mated mice, male infants were selected and monitored in the standard laboratory conditions. After reaching the age of puberty (6-8 Weeks), adult mice were sacrificed by the cervical dislocation, and the testes were removed for histological evaluation of spermatogenesis. After routine histological processing, the samples were studied by the light microscope.Results: Histological studies showed that spermatogenic and Sertoli cells in the Seminiferous tubules in control and experimental groups were significantly different, though no difference was observed in the number of Leydig cells in the both groups.Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that tamoxifen exposure during development can cause histological changes in the Seminiferous tubules, which can lead to infertility in the male rat.